主谓一致的应用

1．名词作主语

1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

His family is a happy one. 

The whole family are watching TV. 

这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：

The police are searching for the thief. 

3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：

A sheep is over there. 

Some sheep are over there. 

4）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：

Three years has passed since then. 

5）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 

6）如果主语有more than one很多 非常…或many a许多……构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

More than one student has read the book. 

Many a girl has been there. 

但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 

7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk. 

8）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.

Men of this kind are dangerous.

9）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)

The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）

当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, 

10）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：

All of my classmates like music.

All of the water is gone.

11) 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：

Between the two windows hangs a picture.

2．由连接词连接的名词作主语

1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：

Plastics and rubber never rot.

Walking and riding are good exercises.

2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由引导词前面的主语而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.

3）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.

Either you or he is to go.

3．代词作主语

1）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands. 

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 

2）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：

Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu. 

Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu. 

What produce(s) heat? 

3）their, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。

但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：

Do (es) any of you know his address?

None of them has (have) seen the film.

4．分数、量词作主语

1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.

About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.

和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”谓语用复数译为大量，许多，the number of中心词是number,谓语用单数，译为…的数量

A number of students have gone home.

The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 

注意：(large)quantities of……不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：

Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.

短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。

2）a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：

A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.

5．名词化的形容词作主语

如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；

The blind study in special schools.

The poor live in a undeveleped country

6．从句作主语

1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：

What we need is more time.

What we need are doctors.

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